med_cat: (SH education never ends)
Nechama Chaya ([personal profile] med_cat) wrote2017-10-21 01:45 am
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Friday word: Spinthariscope

(cross-posting from [livejournal.com profile] 1word1day)
~~~
A spinthariscope is a device for observing individual nuclear disintegrations caused by the interaction of ionizing radiation with a phosphor (see radioluminescence) or scintillator.


(A quality toy spinthariscope taken from a 1950s Chemcraft brand "Atomic energy" chemistry experimentation set)

Invention[edit]

The spinthariscope was invented by William Crookes in 1903.[1][2] While observing the apparently uniform fluorescence on a zinc sulfidescreen created by the radioactive emissions (mostly alpha radiation) of a sample of radium bromide, he spilled some of the sample, and, owing to its extreme rarity and cost, he was eager to find and recover it.[3] Upon inspecting the zinc sulfide screen under a microscope, he noticed separate flashes of light created by individual alpha particle collisions with the screen. Crookes took his discovery a step further and invented a device specifically intended to view these scintillations. It consisted of a small screen coated with zinc sulfide affixed to the end of a tube, with a tiny amount of radiumsalt suspended a short distance from the screen and a lens on the other end of the tube for viewing the screen. Crookes named his device from Greek σπινθήρ (spinth´ēr) "spark".

Toy spinthariscopes[edit]

Spinthariscopes were quickly replaced with more accurate and quantitative devices for measuring radiation in scientific experiments, but enjoyed a modest revival in the mid 20th century as children's educational toys.[4] In 1947, Kix cereal offered a Lone Ranger atomic bomb ring in exchange for a box top and 0.15 USD that contained a small one.[5][6]Spinthariscopes can still be bought today as instructional novelties, but they now use americium or thorium.

(Source: Wikipedia)


(thanks to [livejournal.com profile] acelightning for the word!)

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[identity profile] spikesgirl58.livejournal.com 2017-10-21 01:06 pm (UTC)(link)
And that's considered a toy? It sounds scary to me.
med_cat: (Default)

[personal profile] med_cat 2017-10-24 12:09 am (UTC)(link)
Well, it's a very small amount of radiation, I suppose? You do know smoke detectors, for example, contain americium, right?

[identity profile] spikesgirl58.livejournal.com 2017-10-24 10:55 am (UTC)(link)
Still... although they used to put mercury into everything, too. How times have changed.
med_cat: (Default)

[personal profile] med_cat 2017-10-24 11:02 am (UTC)(link)
Yeah
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